With ancient woodblock printing, all elements of the page were carved directly into the wood, though later layout decisions might need to be made if the printing was transferred onto a larger work, such as a large piece of fabric, potentially with multiple block impressions. With manuscripts, all of the elements are added by hand, so the creator can determine the layout directly as they create the work, perhaps with an advanced sketch as a guide. History and layout technologies Direct physical page setting With print media, elements usually consist of type (text), images (pictures), and occasionally place-holder graphics for elements that are not printed with ink such as die/ laser cutting, foil stamping or blind embossing. The result might be published as-is (as for a residential phone book interior) or might be tweaked by a graphic designer (as for a highly polished, expensive publication).īeginning from early illuminated pages in hand-copied books of the Middle Ages and proceeding down to intricate modern magazine and catalog layouts, proper page design has long been a consideration in printed material. Until desktop publishing became dominant, these processes were still done by people, but in modern publishing, they are almost always automated. Given certain parameters such as boundaries of text areas, the typeface, and font size, justification preference can be done in a straightforward way. Low-level pagination and typesetting are more mechanical processes. It requires intelligence, sentience, and creativity, and is informed by culture, psychology, and what the document authors and editors wish to communicate and emphasize. The high-level page layout involves deciding on the overall arrangement of text and images, and possibly on the size or shape of the medium. It generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives. In graphic design, page layout is the arrangement of visual elements on a page. Consumer magazine sponsored advertisements and covers rely heavily on professional page layout skills to compete for visual attention.
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